C Programming Practical Leaning
C Progamming Language:-
C is a powerful programming language that is used to develop operating systems, databases and more.
Note:- int datatype keep
positive and negative value and its size is 4 byte a per c programming
language.
Example :-
WAP to take input from user and print it?
#include<stdio.h> //it's used to write(scanf()) and read(prtinf())
//#include<math.h> //this library is used to perform math operation such as squre rool and square
//#include<string.h> //This library is used to perform string function such as string copy, move etc.
/*Note :- Here stdio means Standard Input output*/
void main()
{
int a,b;
printf("enter value of a & b=> \n");
scanf("%d\n%d",&a,&b);
printf("a=> %d\nb=> %d",a,b);
}
/*Output:-
enter value of a &
b=>
-965
+5.6
a=> -965
b=> 5
*/
//WAP to swap number without using third variable
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int a=5,b=10;
printf("a=> %d\nb=> %d",a,b);
printf("\nAfter Swaping:- \n");
a=a+b; //5+10=15
b=a-b; //5-10=-5
//Always take positive value due to datatype
a=a-b; //15-5=10
printf("a=> %d\nb=> %d",a,b);
}
/*Output:-
a=> 5
b=> 10
After Swaping:-
a=> 10
b=> 5
*/
--*******************Structure
Beginig***********************************
- Array and Strings => Similar data( int, float,char)
- Structures can hold => dissimilar data
- Primitive :- Means define already
-> Definition :- It's
a user define datatype which is constructed by the help of primitive and
derived datatype.
-> It can store more
than one value of different types of datatype of different-2 memory location.
-> Used the struct
keyword here to define/declare structure.
-> The Size of
structure is sum of it's all data member size.
Note :- 1) Always close
the structure by using ;(semicolon).
2) The minimum size of
structure is 1 byte.
3) The Structure is
declared by the help of struct keyword.
^^^^^^^^^^^^Pointer with
Structure :-
Arrow operator :- Instead of writing *(ptr).code, we can use an arrow operator to access structure properties as follows
Note:-
Here -> is known as
an arrow operator.
Date:- 14/03/2022
#include<stdio.h>
//Twenty integers are to be stored in memory. What will you prefer- Array or Structure?
void main()
{
int array[20];
printf("Enter twenty Integer:- \n");
for(int i=0;i<20;i++)
{
scanf("%d\n",&array[i]);
}
printf("\nTwenty Integregs are:-\n");
for(int i=0;i<20;i++)
{
if(i==9)
{
printf("%d\n",array[i]);
}
else
{
printf("%d\t",array[i]);
}
}
}
/*
Result:-
Enter twenty Integer:-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Twenty Integregs are:-
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
*/
^^^^^^^^^^^^Array of Structures in C
Declaring an array of structure is same as declaring an array of fundamental types. Since an array is a collection of elements of the same type. In an array of structures, each element of an array is of the structure type.
Let's take an example:
struct Employee
{
int id;
//4 byte
char name[15];
//1 byte
float
salary; // 4 byte
};
Here is how we can
declare an array of structure Employee.
struct Employee e[0];//Here [0] means single row (id,name and salary can store and It's not a size of total member or element of strcture array
Visit for more
information:-
https://overiq.com/c-programming-101/array-of-structures-in-c/
-----------------print assign value and input value by using array of structure :-
#include<stdio.h>
//#include<math.h>
#include<string.h>
struct Employee
//define structure
{
int id;
//4 byte
char name[15];
//1 byte
float
salary; // 4 byte
}; ///Must end with
semicolon
void main()
{
struct Employee
e[]={200,"Ram",5000}; //call structure
printf("Maximin size of structure is %d byte\n",sizeof(e));
printf("\n1st Employee Details:-");
printf("\nID :- %d\nName :- %s\nSalary :-
%.2f\n",e[0].id,e[0].name,e[0].salary);
printf("\n*******Enter
2nd Employee Details :-");
for(int
i=0;i<1;i++) //here 1 is for 1 row
{
printf("\nEnter ID:- ");
scanf("%d",&e[i].id);
printf("Enter Name:- ");
scanf("%s",&e[i].name);
printf("Enter Salary:- ");
scanf("%f",&e[i].salary);
}
printf("\n*******2nd Employee Details :- ");
for(int
i=0;i<1;i++)
{
printf("\nID :- %d\nName :- %s\nSalary :-
%.2f\n",e[i].id,e[i].name,e[i].salary);
}
}
/* Output:-
Maximin size of
structure is 24 byte
1st Employee Details:-
ID :-
200
Name :- Ram
Salary :- 5000.00
*******Enter 2nd
Employee Details :-
Enter ID:- 600
Enter Name:- Krishna
Enter Salary:- 10000
*******2nd Employee
Details :-
ID :-
600
Name :-
Krishna
Salary :- 10000.00
*/
==================Table Implementation:-
#include<stdio.h>
//#include<math.h>
#include<string.h>
struct Employee
//define structure
{
int id;
//4 byte
char name[15];
//1 byte
float
salary; // 4 byte
}; ///Must end with
semicolon
//Implementation of
Database
void main()
{
int i=0;
struct Employee
e[2];
for(i=0;i<2;i++) //here 2 for 0 &1 (total 2 rows) Input will accept
{
printf("\nEnter %d Employee Information :-\n",i+1);
printf("Enter ID:- ");
scanf("%d",&e[i].id);
printf("Enter Name:- ");
scanf("%s",&e[i].name);
printf("Enter Salary:- ");
scanf("%f",&e[i].salary);
}
printf("\n\nEmployee Table\n");
printf("SN\tID\tName\tSalary\n"); //Used \t for tab space apply
for(i=0;i<2;i++)
{
printf("%d\t%d\t%s\t%.2f\n",i+1,e[i].id,e[i].name,e[i].salary);
}
}
/* Output:-
Enter 1 Employee
Information :-
Enter ID:- 100
Enter Name:- Ram
Enter Salary:- 85000
Enter 2 Employee
Information :-
Enter ID:- 200
Enter Name:- Krunal
Enter Salary:- 90000
Employee Table
SN
ID Name Salary
1
1 Ram 45000.00
2
2 Krishna 60000.00
Explaination:-
e[0].id : refers to the
id member of the 0th element of the array.
e[0].name : refers to
the name member of the 0th element of the array.
e[0].salary : refers to
the salary member of the 0th element of the array.
e[1].id : refers to the
id member of the 1th element of the array.
e[1].name : refers to
the name member of the 1th element of the array.
e[1].salary : refers to
the salary member of the 1th element of the array.
*/
==================
-----------------
//Structure Begining
:-Quick Quiz: Write a program to store the details of 3 employees from
user-defined data. Use the structure declared above.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
struct Employee
//define structure
{
int id;
//4 byte
char name[15];
//1 byte
float
salary; // 4 byte
}; ///Must end with
semicolon
void main()
{
printf("\nStructure Begining:- \n");
struct Employee
e; //call structure
printf("Maximin size of structure is %d byte\n",sizeof(e));
printf("\nEnter Employee Details:-ID,Name and Salary\n");
//scanf("%d\n%s\n%f",&e.id,&e.name,&e.salary);
//OR
e.id=101;
strcpy(e.name,"Suraj");
e.salary=75000;
printf("ID :- %d\nName :- %s\nSalary :-
%.2f",e.id,e.name,e.salary);
}
/*
Structure Begining:-
Maximin size of
structure is 24 byte
Enter Employee
Details:-ID,Name and Salary
9
XYZ
5689.385578
ID :-
9
Name :-
XYZ
Salary :- 5689.39
Structure Begining:-
Maximin size of
structure is 24 byte
Enter Employee
Details:-ID,Name and Salary
ID :-
101
Name :-
Suraj
Salary :- 75000.00
*/
-------
//Structure Begining
#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<string.h>
struct Employee
//define structure
{
int id;
//4 byte
char name[15];
//1 byte
float
salary; // 4 byte
}; ///Must end with
semicolon
void main()
{
struct Employee
e[2]={200,"Ram",5000}; //call structure
printf("Maximin size of structure is %d byte\n",sizeof(e));
printf("\nEnter Employee Details:-ID,Name and Salary\n");
for(int
i=0;i<1;i++)
{
printf("\nID :- %d\nName :- %s\nSalary :-
%.2f",e[i].id,e[i].name,e[i].salary);
}
}
/*Output:-
Maximin size of
structure is 48 byte
Enter Employee
Details:-ID,Name and Salary
ID :-
200
Name :- Ram
Salary :- 5000.00
*/
--*******************************************************************************
Slice() using array
calling by uinsg function
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
//Declare hader file
void sliceArray(int
a[]);
int main()
{
int
i=0,n,a[n],val[n];
printf("Enter size of array: ");
scanf("%d",&n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
scanf("%d", &a[i]);
}
printf("\nElements in array are: ");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
if(i==n-1)
{
printf("%d.", a[i]);
}
else{
printf("%d, ", a[i]);
}
}
sliceArray(a);
return
0;
}
void sliceArray(int a[])
{
int
m,n;
printf("\nEnter First & Last Index: ");
scanf("%d %d",&m,&n);
printf("Elements in array are: ");
for(int i=m-1;i<=n-1;i++)
{
printf("%d ", a[i]);
}
}
/*
Output:-
Enter size of array: 4
1
2
3
6
Elements in array are:
1, 2, 3, 6.
Enter First & Last
Index: 2 3
Elements in array are:
2 3
*/
----
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
/*Write a function
slice() to slice a string.
It should change the
original string such that it is now the sliced strings.
Take m and n as the
start and ending position for slice.
*/
void main()
{
char
s[11],store[11];
int
n,m,i=0;
printf("Enter string:- ");
gets(s);
for(int
i=0;i<strlen(s);i++)
{
printf("s[%d]=>%c\n",i,s[i]);
}
printf("/nEnter start and End number:- ");
scanf("%d\n%d",&n,&m);
for(i=0;i<strlen(s);i++)
{
while(n<=m)
{
i=n-1;
store[i]=s[i];
printf("%c",store[i]);
n++;
}
}
}
/*
Output:-
Enter string:- Krishna
s[0]=>K
s[1]=>r
s[2]=>i
s[3]=>s
s[4]=>h
s[5]=>n
s[6]=>a
/nEnter start and End
number:- 1
5
Krish
*/
---------------------------
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
//Write a program to
searches for the character in a particular string then Fater found character
it's appeart all the string after search..
//Write a program to
check whether a given character is present in a string or not.
void main()
{
char
str[]={};
//char
search[]="Sai";
printf("Enter a string:- ");
gets(str);
printf("Seach string[%c] is %s\n",'s',strchr(str,'s'));
}
/*
Output:-
Enter a string:- Jai sai
ram Sainath
Seach string[s] is sai
ram Sainath
*/
-
---------------------#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
/*
Write a program to
encrypt a string by adding 1 to the ASCII value of its characters.
Write a program to
decrypt the string encrypted using the encrypt function in problem 6.
*/
void main()
{
char
str[100];
int n;
printf("Enter a string:- ");
gets(str);
printf("Plain Text is %s",str);
printf("\nEnter key to perform following options:-\n");
printf("Enter 1 for Encryption\nEnter 2 for Decryption\n");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("you choose number is %d",n);
switch(n)
{
case 1:
printf("\nEncrypted Text is ");
for(int i=0;i<str[i];i++)
{
str[i]=str[i]+3;
printf("%c",str[i]);
}
break;
case 2:
printf("\nDecrpted Text is ");
for(int i=0;i<str[i];i++)
{
str[i]=str[i]-3;
printf("%c",str[i]);
}
break;
}
}
/*
Output:-
Enter a string:- Suraj
Plain Text is Suraj
Enter key to perform
following options:-
Enter 1 for Encryption
Enter 2 for Decryption
2
you choose number is 2
Decrpted Text is Pro^g
PS E:\C_Programming>
.\a.exe
Enter a string:- Pro^g
Plain Text is Pro^g
Enter key to perform
following options:-
Enter 1 for Encryption
Enter 2 for Decryption
1
you choose number is
1
Encrypted Text is Suraj
*/
================================================
printf("The
ASCII Value of Characte\n");
for( int i
= 0; i<str[i]; i++)
{
printf("str[%d]=> %c = %d\n",i, str[i],str[i]);
}
printf("\nEnter String is ");
for( int i
= 0; i<str[i]; i++)
{
printf("%c",str[i]);
}
printf("\nEncryption is :- ");
for( int i
= 0; i<str[i]; i++)
{
printf("%c",str[i]+1);
}
Ouptut:-
/*
The ASCII
Value of Characte
str[0]=> S = 83
str[1]=> u =
117
str[2]=> r =
114
str[3]=> a = 97
str[4]=> j =
106
Enter String is
Suraj
Encryption is :- TRvts
*/
------------------
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
//Write a program to
count the occurrence of a given character in a string.
void main()
{
char
s1[10];
int
count=0;
printf("Entere string here:- ");
gets(s1);
printf("length of enter string is %d\n",strlen(s1));
printf("\nString => ");
for(int
i=0;i<strlen(s1);i++)
{
if(s1[i]=='a')
{
count++;
}
printf("%c",s1[i]);
}
printf("\nCharacter a occarance count is %d",count);
}
/*
Output:-
Entere string here:- Ram
Ram
length of enter string
is 7
String => Ram Ram
Character a occarance
count is 2
*/
==================
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
//Write your own version
of strcpy function from <string.h>
void copy();
void main()
{
copy();
}
void copy()
{
char
s1[]={};
char
s2[]={};
printf("Enter s1:- ");
gets(s1);
printf("Values are:-\ns1 => %s\ns2=> %s",s1,s2);
printf("\n\ncopy s1 value to s2 which is %s",strcpy(s2,s1));
printf("\nValues are:- \ns1 => %s\ns2=> %s",s1,s2);
}
/*
Output:-
Enter s1:- Jai Sai Ram
Values are:-
s1 => Jai Sai Ram
s2=> Jai Sai
Ram
copy s1 value to s2
which is Jai Sai Ram
Values are:-
s1 => Jai Sai Ram
s2=> Jai Sai
Ram
*/
---------------------------------------------
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
//Write your own version
of strlen function from <string.h>
void len();
void main()
{
char s1[1];
len();
}
void len()
{
char
s1[]={};
printf("Enter String:- ");
gets(s1);
printf("Value of s1 is %s",s1);
printf("\nLength of s1 is %d",strlen(s1));
}
/*
Output:-
Enter String:- Jai Shree
Krishna
Value of s1 is Jai Shree
Krishna
Length of s1 is 17
*/
===============================
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
//Write a program to
take a string as an input from the user using %c and %s. Confirm that the
strings are equal.
void main()
{
char s1[1];
char s2[2];
printf("Enter
s1:- ");
gets(s1);
printf("s1=>
");
puts(s1);
printf("\nEnter
s2:- ");
for(int
i=0;i<1;i++)
{
//scanf("%c",&s2[i]); \\It's working with
printf("%c",s2[i]); need to keep loop 3 time to store
3character and s2[i]
scanf("%s",&s2); //It's working with
printf("%c",s2[i]); then Need to Keep loop 1 one
//printf("%c",s2[i]);
}
for(int
i=0;i<1;i++)
{
//printf("%c",s2[i]);
printf("%s",s2);//printoutput as per the take input in first loop
}
printf("\nLength
of S2 is %d",strlen(s2));
printf("\nLenght
of s1 is %d",strlen(s1));
}
/*
Output:-
Case 1:-
Enter s1:- JaiSaiRam
s1=> JaiSaiRam
Enter s2:- JaiSaiRam
//If we enter allthree together than provide first output
Jai
Length of S2 is 4
Lenght of s1 is 0
Case 2:- If We enter
three time input for s2 then It print last capture input as output:-
Enter s1:- JaiSaiRam
s1=> JaiSaiRam
Enter s2:- Jai
Sai
Ram
Ram
Length of S2 is 4
Lenght of s1 is 0
Case 3:-
Enter s1:- JaiSaiRam
s1=> JaiSaiRam
Enter s2:- Jai
Jai
Length of S2 is 4
Lenght of s1 is 0
*/
====================
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
void main()
{
char
s1[]="5Ram";
char
s2[]="A";
char
s3[]="A";
printf("s1=>
%s\ns2=> %s\ns3=> %s",s1,s2,s3);
printf("\nCompare
s1 & s2:- %d",strcmp(s1,s2));
printf("\ncompare
s2 & s3:- %d",strcmp(s2,s3));
}
output:=
s1=> Ram
s2=> A
s3=> A
Compare s1 & s2:- 1
compare s2 & s3:- 0
//Create a
three-dimensional array and print the address of its elements in increasing
order.
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int
a[2][3]={1,2,3,4,5,6};
printf("Value is :- \n");
for(int
i=0;i<2;i++)
{
for(int
j=0;j<3;j++)
{
printf("%d \t%u",a[i][j],&a[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
}
/*
Write a program
containing a function that reverses the array passed to it.
*/
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int
a[5];//={1,2,3,4,5};
printf("Enter 5 number to get reverser order:- \n");
for(int
i=0;i<=4;i++)
{
scanf("%d\n",&a[i]);
}
for(int
i=0;i<5;i++)
{
printf("a[%d]=> %d\n",i,a[i]);
}
printf("\nReverser Output:- \n");
for(int
i=4;i>=0;i--)
{
printf("a[%d]=> %d\n",i,a[i]);
}
}
/*
Repeat problem 7 for a
custom input given by the user.
*/
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int
a[2][10],k=1,m=1,n1,n2;
printf("Enter n1 number for table:- \n");
scanf("%d
%d",&n1,&n2);
printf("Table of %d, & %d are \n",n1, n2);
for(int
i=0;i<2;i++)
{
for(int
j=0;j<10;j++)
{
if(i==1)
{
while(k<=10)
{
a[i][j]=n2*k;
printf("%d ",a[i][j]);
k++;
}
}
else
{
while(m<=10)
{
a[i][j]=n1*m;
printf("%d ",a[i][j]);
m++;
}
}
}
printf("\n");
}
}
Outpout:-
Enter n1 &n2 number
for table:-
5
6
Table of 5, & 6
are
5 10
15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
6 12
18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60
===
void main()
{
int a[10],n1=1,n2;
printf("Enter first number for table:- \n");
scanf("%d",&n1);
printf("\nTable is :- \n");
for(int
i=1;i<=10;i++)
{
a[i]=i*n1;
printf("%d ",a[i]);
}
}
==
/*
Create a
three-dimensional array and print the address of its elements in increasing
order.
A 3D array is a
multi-dimensional array(array of arrays). A 3D array is a collection of 2D
arrays. It is specified by using three subscripts:
array[Block size][row size][column
size]
*/
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int a[3][3][3]={
{
{7,4,1},
{2,5,8},
{9,6,3}
},
{
{1,2,3},
{4,5,6},
{7,8,9}
},
{
{5,4,6},
{8,7,9},
{2,3,1}
}
};
for(int
i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(int
j=0;j<3;j++)
{
for(int k=0;k<3;k++)
{
printf("%d |",a[i][j][k]);
}
printf("\n");
}
printf("--------------------\n");
}
}
/*
Repeat problem 7 for a
custom input given by the user.
*/
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int
a[1][10],n,k=1;//={{2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20}}; --Incomplete
printf("Enter n number for table:- \n");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("\nTable is :-\n");
for(int
i=0;i<1;i++)
{
for(int
j=0;j<10;j++)
{
while(k<=10)
{
if(k==10)
{
a[i][j]=n*k;
printf("%d.",a[i][j]);
break;
}
else
{
a[i][j]=n*k;
printf("%d, ",a[i][j]);
}
k++;
}
break;
}
printf("\n");
}
}
Output:-
Table is :-
7, 14,
21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63, 70.
/*
Create an array of size
3x10 containing multiplication tables of the numbers 2,7 and 9, respectively.
*/
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int a[3][10]={
{2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20},
{7,14,21,28,35,42,49,56,63,70},
{9,18,27,36,45,54,63,72,81,90}
};
for(int
i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(int
j=0;j<10;j++)
{
if(a[i][j]==20 || a[i][j]==70 || a[i][j]==90)
{
printf("%d.",a[i][j]);
}
else
{
printf("%d, ",a[i][j]);
}
}
printf("\n");
}
}
Output:-
2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14,
16, 18, 20.
7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42,
49, 56, 63, 70.
9, 18, 27, 36, 45, 54,
63, 72, 81, 90.
/*
//Write a program
containing functions that counts the number of positive integers in an array.
*/
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int
a[10]={-1,2,-3,4,-5,6,7,-8,9,-10}, count=0;
for(int
i=0;i<10;i++)
{
printf("a[%d] => %d\n",i,a[i]);
}
for(int
i=0;i<10;i++)
{
if(a[i]>0)
{
count=count+1;
}
}
printf("\nPositive Integer count is %d\n",count);
}
Output:-
a[0] => -1
a[1] => 2
a[2] => -3
a[3] => 4
a[4] => -5
a[5] => 6
a[6] => 7
a[7] => -8
a[8] => 9
a[9] => -10
Positive Integer count
is 5
/*
Repeat problem 3 for a
general input provided by the user using scanf()
*/
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int
S[10]={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10}, n;
printf("Enter number for table=> ");
scanf("%d",&n);
for(int
i=0;i<10;i++)
{
printf("%d*%d=> %d\n",S[i],n,S[i]*n);
}
}
Ouput:-
Enter number for
table=> 12
1*12=> 12
2*12=> 24
3*12=> 36
4*12=> 48
5*12=> 60
6*12=> 72
7*12=> 84
8*12=> 96
9*12=> 108
10*12=> 120
/*
Write a program to
create an array of 10 integers and store a multiplication table of 5 in it.
*/
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int
S[10]={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10};
for(int
i=0;i<10;i++)
{
printf("%d*5=> %d\n",S[i],S[i]*5);
}
}
Output:-
1*5=> 5
2*5=> 10
3*5=> 15
4*5=> 20
5*5=> 25
6*5=> 30
7*5=> 35
8*5=> 40
9*5=> 45
10*5=> 50
/*
If S[3] is a 1-D array
of integers, then *(S+3) refers to the third element:
True
False
Depends
*/
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int
S[3]={10,9,8};
for(int
i=0;i<3;i++)
{
printf("Index S[%d]=> %d & => %u\n",i,S[i], &S[i]);
}
printf("*(S+3) is %d",*(S+3));
}
Output:-
Index S[0]=> 10 &
=> 467662496
Index S[1]=> 9 &
=> 467662500
Index S[2]=> 8 &
=> 467662504
*(S+3) is 3
Ans is false;
//Create an array of 10
numbers. Verify using pointer arithmetic that (ptr+2)
//points to the third
element where ptr is a pointer pointing to the first element
//of the array.
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int
a[10]={10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1}, *ptr;
ptr=&a[0];
for(int
i=0;i<10;i++)
{
printf("Index a[%d]=> %d & => %u\n",i,a[i], &a[i]);
}
printf("Value of ptr=&a[0] is %u",ptr);
printf("\nAddress of &ptr is %u",&ptr);
printf("\nValue of ptr before ptr+2 is %d",*ptr);
ptr=ptr+2;
printf("\n\nValue
of ptr after ptr+2 is %d",*ptr);
printf("\n\nValue of ptr=&a[0] is %u",ptr);
printf("\nAddress of &ptr is %u",&ptr);
}
Output:-
Index a[0]=> 10 &
=> 2178939968
Index a[1]=> 9 &
=> 2178939972
Index a[2]=> 8 &
=> 2178939976
Index a[3]=> 7 &
=> 2178939980
Index a[4]=> 6 &
=> 2178939984
Index a[5]=> 5 &
=> 2178939988
Index a[6]=> 4 &
=> 2178939992
Index a[7]=> 3 &
=> 2178939996
Index a[8]=> 2 &
=> 2178940000
Index a[9]=> 1 &
=> 2178940004
Value of ptr=&a[0]
is 2178939968
Address of &ptr is
2178939960
Value of ptr before
ptr+2 is 10
Value of ptr after ptr+2
is 8
Value of ptr=&a[0]
is 2178939976
Address of &ptr is
2178939960
==================
input:-
//Multidimension array:-
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int a[2][3];
printf("Enter
a Value of Array for 2 rows and 3 column :- \n");
for(int
i=0;i<2;i++)
{
for(int
j=0;j<2;j++)
{
scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
printf("\nTow
Dimension Array is :- \n");
for(int
i=0;i<2;i++)
{
for(int j=0;j<2;j++)
{
printf("a[%d][%d] => %d ",i,j,a[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
}
Output:-
Enter a Value of Array
for 2 rows and 3 column :-
4 5
8 7
Tow Dimension Array is
:-
a[0][0] => 4
a[0][1] => 5
a[1][0] => 8
a[1][1] => 7
//Multidimension array:-
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int
a[2][3]={
{5,6,7},
{8,9,4}
};
for(int
i=0;i<2;i++)
{
for(int
j=0;j<2;j++)
{
printf("a[%d][%d] => %d ",i,j,a[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
}
Output:-
a[0][0] => 5
a[0][1] => 6
a[1][0] => 8
a[1][1] => 9 s
==========================
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int *ptr,
arr[]={9,6,8};
ptr=&arr[0];
printf("Value of\narr[0] & arr[1] & arr[2] are :- \n");
printf("
%d, %d, %d\n",arr[0],arr[1],arr[2]);
printf("\nAddress of\narr[0] and arr[1] & arr[2] are :- ");
printf("\n%u, %u, %u",&arr[0],&arr[1],&arr[2]);
printf("\n\nvalue of ptr=&arr[0] is %u",ptr);
printf("\nvalue of *ptr id %d",*ptr);
printf("\nAddress of &ptr is %u",&ptr);
ptr++;
printf("\n\n**********After ptr ++*********\n");
printf("\nAddress of &ptr is %u",&ptr);
printf("\nValue of ptr++ is %u",ptr);
printf("\nvalue of *ptr id %d",*ptr);
++ptr;
printf("\n\n**********After ++ptr*********\n");
printf("\nAddress of &ptr is %u",&ptr);
printf("\nValue of ++ptr is %u",ptr);
printf("\nvalue of *ptr id %d",*ptr);
}
output:-
Value of
arr[0] & arr[1]
& arr[2] are :-
9, 6,
8
Address of
arr[0] and arr[1] &
arr[2] are :-
2768240076, 2768240080,
2768240084
value of ptr=&arr[0]
is 2768240076
value of *ptr id 9
Address of &ptr is
2768240088
**********After ptr
++*********
Address of &ptr is
2768240088
Value of ptr++ is
2768240080
value of *ptr id 6
**********After
++ptr*********
Address of &ptr is
2768240088
Value of ++ptr is
2768240084
value of *ptr id 8
-----------------------------------
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int *ptr,
arr[]={9,6};
ptr=&arr[0];
printf("Valur of arr[0] is %d",arr[0]);
printf("\nAddress of of arr[0] is %u",&arr[0]);
printf("\nvalue of ptr is %u",ptr);
printf("\nvalue of *ptr id %d",*ptr);
ptr++;
printf("\n\nValur of arr[1] is %d",arr[1]);
printf("\nAddress of of arr[1] is %u",&arr[1]);
printf("\nValue of ptr++ is %u",ptr);
printf("\nvalue of *ptr id %d",*ptr);
}
output:-
Valur of arr[0] is 9
Address of of
arr[0] is 4175427840
value of ptr is
4175427840
value of *ptr id 9
Valur of arr[1] is 6
--------------
*********************************************************** Note :-
a[size]=Here size means how many number you have to store according to it you
will have to give size
Address of of
arr[1] is 4175427844
Value of ptr++ is
4175427844
value of *ptr id 6
================
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
void main()
{
int
arr[]={1,2,3,4};
//printf("arr[0]
=%d\narr[1] =%d\narr[2] =%d\narr[3] =%d\narr[4]= %d\narr[5]=
%d",arr[0],arr[1],arr[2],arr[3],arr[4],arr[5]);
//printf("size
of int=> %i\nfloat => %d\nchar=> %d\ndouble=> %d\n\n",
sizeof(int),sizeof(float),sizeof(char),sizeof(double));
int temp=0;
for(int
i=0;i<4;i++)
{
printf("arr[%d] => %d and Address is
%u\n",i,arr[i],&arr[i]);
temp=temp+1;
}
printf("Size
of array is %d",temp);
}
Output:-
arr[0] => 1 and
Address is 3363830688
arr[1] => 2 and
Address is 3363830692
arr[2] => 3 and
Address is 3363830696
arr[3] => 4 and
Address is 3363830700
Size of array is 4
===
#include<stdio.h>
//Addition, comparision
and substractin of Number through pointer
void main()
{
int a=15,b=30,
*i,*j,**k;
i=&a;
j=&b;
printf("value of variable a and b are %d, & %d",a,b);
printf("\nAddress of variable &a and &b are%u, &
%u",&a,&b);
printf("\nValue
of pointer i and j are %u, & %u",i,j);
printf("\nValue of pointer *i and *j are %d, %d",*i,*j);
printf("\na+b => %d",*i+*j);
printf("\na-b => %d\n\n",*i-*j);
if(*i>*j)
{
printf("%d is greater than %d",*i,*j);
}
else
{printf("%d
is greater then %d",*j,*i);}
}
//Pointer increment
checking
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int a=5, *i;
i=&a;
printf("value of variable a is %d",a);
printf("\nAddress of variable &a=%u",&a);
printf("\nValue of pointer i is %u",i);
printf("\nAddress of pointer &i is %u",&i);
printf("\nValue of pointer *i is %d",*i);
printf("\n*(&i) is %d",*(&i));
printf("\n\n******************After i++\n");
i++;
printf("\nValue of pointer i is %u",i);
printf("\nAddress of pointer &i is %u",&i);
printf("\nValue of pointer *i is %d",*i);
printf("\n
*(&i) is %d",*(&i));
i++;
printf("\n\n&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
After i++ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\n");
printf("\nValue of pointer i is %u",i);
printf("\nAddress of pointer &i is %u",&i);
printf("\nValue of pointer *i is %d",*i);
printf("\n*(&i) is %d",*(&i));
}
Output:-
value of variable a is 5
Address of variable
&a=3477076108
Value of pointer i is
3477076108
Address of pointer
&i is 3477076096
Value of pointer *i is 5
*(&i) is -817891188
******************After
i++
Value of pointer i is
3477076112
Address of pointer
&i is 3477076096
Value of pointer *i is 1
*(&i) is
-817891184
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
After i++ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Value of pointer i is 3477076116
Address of pointer
&i is 3477076096
Value of pointer *i is 0
*(&i) is
-817891180
Size of variable as per
the type :-
/*
//Write a program to
accept marks of five students in an marks and print them to the screen
*/
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
//It's
mendatory to specify the size otherwise It's throw error to specify the size of
array.
//OR
//Initialze
the array during the declaration/ Initialization means value assign
int k1;
float k2;
//4 byte
char k3;
int
marks[]={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10};//Array declaration
printf("Size of int k is %d byte and address is
%u",sizeof(k1),&k1);
printf("\nSize of float k is %d byte and address is
%u",sizeof(k2),&k2);
printf("\nSize of char k is %d byte and address is
%u",sizeof(k3),&k3);
}
//output:-
Size of int k is 4 byte
and address is 3602906012
Size of float k is 4
byte and address is 3602906008
Size of char k is 1 byte
and address is 3602906007
Note :- Int
arr[3]={1,2,3} => 1 integer = 4 bytes
////////////////////////////////////////////Array==========================================================
//marks
/*
//Write a program to
accept marks of five students in an marks and print them to the screen
*/
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int
marks[5];//Array declaration and it's mendatory to specify the size otherwise
It's throw error to specify the size of array.
printf("Enter value into marks :- \n");
for(int
i=0;i<=5;i++)
{
scanf("%d",&marks[i]); // take input into array and
configure the loop as per the size of array
}
for(int
j=0;j<=4;j++)
{
printf("Value of marks[%d] is %d\n",j,marks[j]);
}
}
//~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~`
//increment and
decrement depend on the type of pointer.
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
void* val =
0xffffffff;
printf("d = %d\n", val);
printf("u = %u\n", val);
printf("p = %p\n", val);
}
/*
output:-
%d will show a negative
value for addresses with the most significant bit set (high addresses)
%u will always show the
positive interpretation of the bits
%p is the best, since
it's explicitly reserved for printing addresses.
=>
d = -1
u = 4294967295
p = 00000000ffffffff
*/
//////////////////////
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int a=5,*b;
b=&a;
printf("Value of a is %d",a);
printf("\naddress of a is %d",&a);
printf("\naddress of a is %u",a);
printf("\nValue of b pointer variable is %p",b);
printf("\nValue of b pointer variable is %u",b); //%u is used to
display the address but in %d also get the same number because both give the
interger type value and address is number type
}
output:-
Value of a is 5
address of a is
1629486612
address of a is 5
Value of b pointer
variable is 000000ee611ffe14
Value of b pointer
variable is 1629486612
[Done] exited with
code=42 in 1.545 seconds
//Write a program to
print the value of a variable i by using the "pointer to
pointer"
//type of variable.
#include
<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int
a=10,*b,**c;
b=&a;
c=&b;
printf("Value of a=> %d",a);
printf("\nAddress of &a=> %d",&a);
printf("\nValue of b=> %d",b);
printf("\nAddress of &b=> %d",&b);
printf("\nValue of c is: %d",c);
printf("\nValue of *c=> %d",*c);
printf("\nValue of **c=> %d",**c);
}
/*Write a program using
a function that calculates the sum and average of two numbers.
Use pointers and print
the values of sum and average in main().
*/
#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
void cal(int a,int
b);//Function declaration with two Parameters
void main() //Main
Function
{
int i=11,j=45;
//Argument
cal(i,j); //call
by value :- pass value of argument to function
}
void cal(int i,int j)
//Function Definition
{
printf("Value of Variables is \ni=> %d, & j=>%d",i,j);
printf("\n\nsum is %d",i+j);
printf("\nAverage is %.2f \n\n",((float)i+(float)j)/2);
}
Note :- To display
decimal number after point the use the "%.2f" in printf statements.
/*Write a program having
a variable i. Print the address of i. Pass this variable to a
function and print its
address. Are these addresses same? Why?
*/
#include<stdio.h>
void fun(int a);
//Parameter
void main()
{
int i=9;
//Argument
printf("Address of Variable i=> %d",&i);
fun(i); //call by
value
}
void fun(int i)
{
printf("\nvalue of argument is %d",i);
printf("\n\nAddress of i inside function) is %d",&i);
}
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int *ptr,
arr[]={9,8,5,7,4},i=1;
while(i<=5)
{
ptr=&arr[i];
printf("Value of ptr is %u and value is %d\n",ptr, *ptr);
i++;
}
}
//Reason:- Parameter of
fun in main() it's changed that why address is not same.
//Write a program to
print the address of a variable. Use this address to get the value of this
variable.
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int i=7, *j;
j=&i;
printf("Address
of Variable i=> %d",&i);
printf("\nAddress of Variable j=> %d",&j);
printf("\nValue of Variable i=> %d",i);
printf("\nValue of Variable *(&j)=> %d",*(&j));
}
//WAP to swap the number
in c language.
#include<stdio.h>
void swap(int x,int y);
void main()
{
int a=5,b=9;
//arument
printf("Before Swap=>\na=> %d\nb=> %d",a,b);
swap(a,b);//call
by value:- assign value of argument to function
}
void swap(int a,int b)
//fucntion reutrn only one value that why useing the void type of function
{
int temp;
temp=a;
a=b;
b=temp;
printf("\nAfter Swap=>\na=> %d\nb=> %d",a,b);
}
/// check the pointer
basic :-
int i=5;
printf("&i=>
%u",&i); //printf address of i
printf("\ni=>%u",i);
//value of i assing to i
printf("\n*(&i)=>%u",*(&i));
//value of address of i
void main()
{
int i=5;
printf("&i=>
%d",&i); //printf address of i
printf("\ni=>%d",i);
//value of i assing to i
printf("\n*(&i)=>%d",*(&i));
//value of address of i
}
//Write a program using
recursion to calculate the nth element of the Fibonacci series.
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int
temp=0,n1=0,n2=1,i=0;
printf("%d,%d,",n1,n2);
while(i<=10)
{
temp=n1+n2;
printf("%d,",temp);
n1=n2;
n2=temp;
i++;
}
}
//Write a function to
convert Celcius temperature into Fahrenheit.
/*
c=5/9(F-32)
F=9/5*C+32
*/
#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
float celsius(float f);
void main()
{
float c;
printf("Enter Celsius value=> ");
scanf("%f",&c);
printf("%f
'f",celsius(c));
}
float celsius(float c)
{
return
floorf(3.08125*c);
}
//Write a program using
functions to print the following pattern(first n lines):
/*
*
***
*****
*/
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
for(int
i=1;i<=5;i++)
{
if(i%2
!=0)
{
for(int j=1;j<=i;j++)
{
printf("*");
}
printf("\n\n");
}
}
}
//Write a program using
functions to print the following pattern(first n lines):
/*
*
***
*****
*/
#include<stdio.h>
int sum(int );
void main()
{
for(int
i=1;i<=5;i++)
{
if(i==3)
printf("*\n\n");
if(i==3)
{
for(int j=1;j<=3;j++)
{
printf("*");
}
printf("\n\n");
}
if(i==3)
{
int
j=1;
while(j<=5)
{
printf("*");
j++;
}
printf("\n");
}
}
}
*********************************************************************Functions**************************************************************
//Write a recursive
function to calculate the sum of first n natural numbers.
#include<stdio.h>
int sum(int );
void main()
{
int n;
printf("\nEnter a Number=> ");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("sum
of nth number is => %d",sum(n));
}
int sum(int n)
{
int temp=0;
if(n==1)
return 1;
else
temp=n+sum(n-1);
//Function calling it's self called recursion function
return temp;
}
//output:- 2 2 0
//What will the
following line produce in a C program: printf(“%d %d %d\n”,a,++a,a++);
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int a;
printf("%d %d
%d\n",a,++a,a++);
}
output:- 2 2 0
==================
//Write a program using
functions to find the average of three numbers.
#include<stdio.h>
float avg(float a,float
b,float c);
void main()
{
float
x,y,z,result;
printf("Enter any 3 number=> ");
scanf("%f%f%f", &x, &y, &z);
result=avg(x,y,z);
printf("%f",result);
}
float avg(float a,float
b, float c)
{
return (a+b+c)/3;
}
==================
-------------------------------------Factorial
using Function:-
#include<stdio.h>
//Function to calculate
factorial
int factorial(int );
void main()
{
int n;
printf("Enter Number to get factorial=> ");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("\n",factorial(n));
}
int factorial(int n)
{
printf("\nFactorial of number is :-");
for(int
i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
if(n%i==0)
{
if(n==i)
{
printf("%d.",i);
break;
}
else
{
printf("%d, ",i);
}
}
}
return 0;
}
Note Function call
itself called reursion function and calling called recursive function.
-------------------------------------
==============
#include<stdio.h>
//program to calculate
the area of the square
int msg();
void main()
{
int result;
result=msg();
printf("Area
of Square is %d",result);
}
int msg()
{
int a;
printf("Enter the Number => ");
scanf("%d,",&a);
return a*a;
}
OR
//program to calculate
the area of the square
int msg(int,int );
void main()
{
int k,j;//It's
mendatory to at least declare the function parameter in main function
printf("Area
of Square is %d",msg(k,j));
}
int msg(int a,int b)
{
printf("Enter the Number => ");
scanf("%d\n%d",&a,&b); //we can define input fuction in
main() also then Need to return calculated result from the function.
return a*b;
}
OR
#include<stdio.h>
//program to calculate
the area of the square
int msg(int,int );
void main()
{
int k,j;//It's
mendatory to at least declare the function parameter in main function
printf("Enter the Number => ");
scanf("%d\n%d",&k,&j);
printf("Area
of Square is %d",msg(k,j));
}
int msg(int a,int b)
{
return a*b;
}
==============
#include<stdio.h>
/*
Quick Quiz: Write a
program with three functions,
Good morning function
which prints "Good Morning."
Good afternoon function
which prints "Good Afternoon."
Good night function,
which prints "Good night."
main() should call all
of these in order 1 - 2 - 3
*/
//function
prototype/declarations
void goodmorning();
void goodafternoon();
void goodnight();
void main()
{
//function
calling
goodmorning();
goodafternoon();
goodnight();
}
//function definitions
void goodmorning()
{
printf("Good
Morning");
}
void goodafternoon()
{
printf("\nGood Afternoon");
}
void goodnight()
{
printf("\nGood Night");
}
===============================================================
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int i=2,flag=1,n;
printf("Enter any number=> ");
scanf("%d",&n);
while(n>1)
//2>1 true, 3>1
{
if(i<=n-1) //2<=1 false, 2<=2
{
flag=0;
}
i++;
}
if(flag==1)
{
printf("Prime Number is %d",n);
}
else
{
printf("%d is not prime number",n);
}
}
/*
=================================================
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
//#include<time.h>
/*
Problem: This is going
to be fun!! We will write a program that generates a random number and
asks the player to guess it. If the player’s guess is higher than the actual
number, the program displays “Lower number please.” Similarly, if the user’s
guess is too low, the program prints “Higher number please.”
When the user guesses
the correct number, the program displays the number of guesses the player used
to arrive at the number.
Hints:
Use loops
Use a random number
generator.
*/
void main()
{
int
guessnum, randam,i;
randam=rand()%100+1;
printf("Randam number is %d",randam);
do
{
printf("\nGuess the number Between 1 to 10=>");
scanf("%d",&guessnum);
if(guessnum>randam)
{
printf("\nPlease enter lower number");
}
else
if(guessnum<randam)
{
printf("\nPlease enter higer number");
}
else
//guessnum == randam
{
printf("\nyou guessed it and attempt %d round",i);
}
i++;
} while (guessnum
!= randam);
}
=================================================
Factorial and Prime
Number :-
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int flag=1,n;
printf("Enter any number to check prime=> ");
scanf("%d",&n);
if(n>1)
{
for(int
i=2;i<=n-1;i++)
{
if(n%i==0)
{
flag=0;
}
}
if(flag==1)
{
printf("%d is prime number",n);
}
else
{
printf("%d is not prime number",n);
printf("\n
Factorial of %d is as below :- ",n);
for(int j=1;j<=n;j++)
{
if(n%j==0)
{
if(n==j)
{
printf("%d.",n);
break;
}
else
{
printf("%d, ",j);
}
}
}
}
}
else
{
printf("Prime Number Should be greater than 1");
}
}
====================================
//Prime Number
Program:-
#include<stdbool.h>
#include<stdio.h>
bool flag=true;
int n,i=2;
printf("Enter number :- ");
scanf("%d",&n);
if(n>1)
{
while(i<= n-1)
{
if(n%i==0)
{
flag=false;
}
i++;
}
}
else
{
printf("Prime Number should be greater than 1");
}
if(flag==true)
{
printf("Prime Number is %d",n);
}
else
{
printf("%d is not Prime Number",n);
}
In factorial:- to find
out the factorial of number can not be greater than of the factorial number
//Write a program
to calculate the factorial of a given number using for loop.
int n;
printf("Enter
No to findout the factorial number=> ");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("Factorial
of Number %d is ",n);
for(int
i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
if(n%i==0)
{
printf("\n%d",i);
}
}
//Write a program
to calculate the sum of the numbers occurring in the multiplication table of
8.(Consider 8x1 to 8x10)
int temp=0,t=0;
for(int
i=1;i<=10;i++)
{
printf("%d ",i*8);
temp=temp+(i*8);
}
printf("\nTotal
Sum of multiplication of 8 is %d",temp);
}
//Write a program to sum
the first ten natural numbers using a while loop.
int temp=0;
int i=0;
do
{
temp=temp+i;
i++;
} while
(i<=10);
printf("Total sum of number 1 to 10 is %d",temp);
//Write a program to sum
the first ten natural numbers using a while loop.
int temp=0;
for(int
i=1;i<=10;i++)
{
temp=temp+i;
}
printf("Total sum of number 1 to 10 is %d",temp);
//Write a program to
print a multiplication table of 10 in reversed order
int n=10;
printf("Enter
number to find table=> \n");
printf("Table
of %d is :- \n",n);
for(int
i=10;i;i--)
{
printf("%d \n",i*n);
}
//Write a program to
print the multiplication table of a given number n.
int n;
printf("Enter
number to find table=> ");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("Table
of %d is :- \n",n);
for(int
i=1;i<=10;i++)
{
printf("%d \n",i*n);
}
*/
/*
//Didn't find the
output of the below code :-
int skip=5;
int i=0;
while(i<10)
{
if(i
!= skip) //0/1/2/3/4/5 != 5
continue; //i++
else
printf("%d",i);
}
//Write a program
to print first n natural numbers using for loop.
int n;
printf("Enter Number to get asc order=> ");
scanf("%d",&n);
for(int
i=1; i<=n; i++)
{
printf("%d ",i);
}
output:- Enter
Number to get asc order=> 6
1 2 3 4 5 6
--------------------------------------OR
for(int i=1; i<=1000; i++)
{
printf("%d ",i);
if(i==5)
{
break;
}
}
output:- 1
2 3 4 5
*/
/*
//Write a program
to print n natural numbers in reverse order.
int n;
printf("Enter Number to get reverse order=> ");
scanf("%d",&n);
for(int
i=n; i; i--)
{
printf("%d ",i);
}
output:- Enter
Number to get reverse order=> 8
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 //It'll not print til 0 because may be by default It's taking till 1 not 0 but maually we can specify compare condition
*/
FILE I/O :-
File I/O:-
A) Why do we need a file?
1) Files are used to store data and information.
Note :-
a) Collection of bit and byte called Data which is not meaning full
b) Collection of data->Process it with menaning things is called information.
2) Files are used to read & access data anytime from the hard disk.
3) Files make it easy for a programmer to accesss and store content without losing it on program termination.
B) Volatile Vs Non-volatile Memory
Volatile
1) Volatile memory is computer storage that only maintain
its data while the device is powered.
2) The RAM will hold data, program, and information as long
as it has a constant power supply but immediately the
power is interrupted all that content is cleared.
3) The Volatile memory will only hold data termporarily.
Example :- RAM (Random Access Memory)
Non Volatile
1)Non-volatile memeory is computer memory that can retain
the stored information even when not powered.
2)The type of memory is also referred to as permanent memory
since data stored within it can be retrieved even when there
is no constant power supply.
3)It is used for the long-term storage of data.
Example :- Hard Disk
C) When do we need files?
1) When a C Program is terminated, the data stored in ram is lost.
2) Storing in a file will preserve out data even the program terminated.
3) RAM is not able to handle quite large amonut of data due to its small size relateive to the hard disk.
4) It is easy to transfer data as files.
D) Type of Files:-
1) Text files :- It's like as plan text file such as .txt file.
2) Binary files :- it's like as img file such as .jpg. Or 0/1 formate
E) Operation on files in C:-
1) Creating a new file.
2) Opening a file..
3) Closing a file.
4) Reading from and writing to a file.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
//File I/O Program
//WAP to create and write a single character in file?
void main()
{
FILE *fp=NULL;
char ch='S';
//file creation using w mode
fp=fopen("Files/SingleCharFile.txt","w"); //New File is created
if(fp==NULL)
{
printf("\nFile not found!");
exit(1); //for it used #include<stdlib.h> library
}
else{
printf("\nFile Created Successfully");
fputc(ch,fp); //writing S character in MyFirstFile
printf("\nfile writting string successfully..!");
fclose(fp);
}
}
/*
Output:-
Check file in E:\C_Programming\Files location.
File Created Successfully
file writting single charcater successfully..!
*/
---------------
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
//File I/O Program
//WAP to create and write a string in existing file?
void main()
{
FILE *fp=NULL;
int i;
char str[50];
fp=fopen("Files/StringWFile.txt","w");//New File Creation
if(fp==NULL)
{
printf("File not found/created");
exit(1);
}
else
{
printf("Enter string to write in file:- ");
gets(str);
//we can use this
fputs(str,fp);
printf("\nFile Created and Write Successfully");
/*
OR
for(i=0;i<=strlen(str);i++)
{
fputc(str[i],fp); //To write string used fputs() method
fclose(fp);
}
*/
fclose(fp);
}
}
/*
Output:-
Check file in E:\C_Programming\Files location.
Enter string to write in file:- Krishna
File Created and Write Successfully
*/
----------------------------------------
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h> //It is used for exit(1)
#include<string.h> //It is used for string function like as strlen()
//File I/O Program
//WAP to create and write a student id, name and marks in existing/ Nex file?
typedef struct Student
{
int i,id;
char name[50];
float mark;
}std;
void main()
{
FILE *fp=NULL;
int i;//,id;
//char name[50];
//float mark;
std s;
fp=fopen("Files/Student.txt","w");//New File Creation
if(fp==NULL)
{
printf("File not found/created");
exit(1);
}
else
{
fputs("Student Information as below:-\n",fp);
printf("\nEnter Student ID:- ");
scanf("%d",&s.id);
printf("Enter Student Name:- ");
scanf("%s",&s.name);
printf("Enter Student Mark:- ");
scanf("%f",&s.mark);
//To write int, float, char or string together then use fprintf()
fprintf(fp,"ID:-\t%d\nName:-\t%s\nMark:-\t%.2f",s.id,s.name,s.mark);
//we can use this
//fputs(str,fp);//To write string in file then used
printf("\nFile Created and Write Successfully");
/*
OR
for(i=0;i<=strlen(str);i++)
{
fputc(str[i],fp); //To write string used fputs() method
fclose(fp);
}
*/
fclose(fp);
}
}
/*
Output:-
Check file in E:\C_Programming\Files location.
Enter Student ID:- 6
Enter Student Name:- Ram
Enter Student Mark:- 500
File Created and Write Successfully
------
In file :-
Student Information as below:-
ID:- 6
Name:- Ram
Mark:- 500.00
*/
Memory Allocation :
A) Static Memory Allocation(SMA) :
B) Dynamica Memory Allocation (DMA):-
C) Build in Functions
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